2022
Hill, K; Power, ME
Direct and indirect interactions of spiders, herbivorous insects, and native plants in native perennial vs exotic annual grass patches Journal Article
In: Ecology, 2022.
BibTeX | Tags: ecology, ERCZO, exotic plants, grasses, spiders
@article{Hill2022,
title = {Direct and indirect interactions of spiders, herbivorous insects, and native plants in native perennial vs exotic annual grass patches},
author = {K Hill and ME Power},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-31},
urldate = {2022-12-31},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {ecology, ERCZO, exotic plants, grasses, spiders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2014
Hill, Kirsten E.
2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: grasses, spiders
@phdthesis{Hill2014,
title = {Spiders in California’s grassland mosaic: The effects of native and non-native grasses on spiders, their prey, and their interactions},
author = {Kirsten E. Hill},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/Hill_2014_UCBerkTheses.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {Found in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, small in size and able to occupy a variety of
hunting niches, spiders’ consumptive effects on other arthropods can have important impacts for
ecosystems. This dissertation describes research into spider populations and their interactions with
potential arthropod prey in California’s native and non-native grasslands. In meadows found in
northern California, native and non-native grassland patches support different functional groups of
arthropod predators, sap-feeders, pollinators, and scavengers and arthropod diversity is linked to
native plant diversity.
Wandering spiders’ ability to forage within the meadow’s interior is linked to the distance
from the shaded woodland boundary. Native grasses offer a cooler conduit into the meadow interior
than non-native annual grasses during midsummer heat. Juvenile spiders in particular, are more
abundant in the more structurally complex native dominated areas of the grassland. Potential prey
species and abundance differ along the trajectory from woodland boundary to meadow interior and
may have consequences for the survival of juvenile spiders that reside primarily near the woodland
boundary.
Spiders’ ability to influence the eating habits of potential prey species is regulated by
temperature and grassland characteristics. In experimental wolf spider enclosures, cooler habitats in
which spiders were present evidenced lower herbivory by large chewing invertebrates. Herbivory
differed across a gradient of temperature and sunlight but newly restored plants in exposed and
warmer soil faced higher rates of herbivory than established plants; herbivory may be better
mediated by spider activity in cooler environments.},
keywords = {grasses, spiders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Found in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, small in size and able to occupy a variety of
hunting niches, spiders’ consumptive effects on other arthropods can have important impacts for
ecosystems. This dissertation describes research into spider populations and their interactions with
potential arthropod prey in California’s native and non-native grasslands. In meadows found in
northern California, native and non-native grassland patches support different functional groups of
arthropod predators, sap-feeders, pollinators, and scavengers and arthropod diversity is linked to
native plant diversity.
Wandering spiders’ ability to forage within the meadow’s interior is linked to the distance
from the shaded woodland boundary. Native grasses offer a cooler conduit into the meadow interior
than non-native annual grasses during midsummer heat. Juvenile spiders in particular, are more
abundant in the more structurally complex native dominated areas of the grassland. Potential prey
species and abundance differ along the trajectory from woodland boundary to meadow interior and
may have consequences for the survival of juvenile spiders that reside primarily near the woodland
boundary.
Spiders’ ability to influence the eating habits of potential prey species is regulated by
temperature and grassland characteristics. In experimental wolf spider enclosures, cooler habitats in
which spiders were present evidenced lower herbivory by large chewing invertebrates. Herbivory
differed across a gradient of temperature and sunlight but newly restored plants in exposed and
warmer soil faced higher rates of herbivory than established plants; herbivory may be better
mediated by spider activity in cooler environments.
hunting niches, spiders’ consumptive effects on other arthropods can have important impacts for
ecosystems. This dissertation describes research into spider populations and their interactions with
potential arthropod prey in California’s native and non-native grasslands. In meadows found in
northern California, native and non-native grassland patches support different functional groups of
arthropod predators, sap-feeders, pollinators, and scavengers and arthropod diversity is linked to
native plant diversity.
Wandering spiders’ ability to forage within the meadow’s interior is linked to the distance
from the shaded woodland boundary. Native grasses offer a cooler conduit into the meadow interior
than non-native annual grasses during midsummer heat. Juvenile spiders in particular, are more
abundant in the more structurally complex native dominated areas of the grassland. Potential prey
species and abundance differ along the trajectory from woodland boundary to meadow interior and
may have consequences for the survival of juvenile spiders that reside primarily near the woodland
boundary.
Spiders’ ability to influence the eating habits of potential prey species is regulated by
temperature and grassland characteristics. In experimental wolf spider enclosures, cooler habitats in
which spiders were present evidenced lower herbivory by large chewing invertebrates. Herbivory
differed across a gradient of temperature and sunlight but newly restored plants in exposed and
warmer soil faced higher rates of herbivory than established plants; herbivory may be better
mediated by spider activity in cooler environments.
1997
Kotanen, Peter M.
Effects of experimental soil disturbance on revegetation by natives and exotics in coastal Californian meadows Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 631-644, 1997, ISSN: 0021-8901.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: biological invasions, colonization, grasses, introductions
@article{Kotanen1997,
title = {Effects of experimental soil disturbance on revegetation by natives and exotics in coastal Californian meadows},
author = {Peter M. Kotanen},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/Kotanen_AppliedEcology1997.pdf},
issn = {0021-8901},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-09-00},
journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {631-644},
abstract = {1. Disturbance is widely believed to facilitate invasions by exotic plants, but is also important for the persistence of many native species. Here, I report the results of a series of field experiments designed to investigate the effects of soil disturbance on natives and aliens in Californian grassland vegetation. I also compare the effects of different types of soil disturbance to establish whether some favour aliens to a greater degree than others.
2. In two experiments, conducted at different locations, three types of soil disturbance (excavation, burial and simulated gopher mounds) were created, and their revegetation was compared with changes in undisturbed control plots over the next three years. A third experiment was used to provide data on the effects of soil disturbance on soil temperature, moisture and KCl-extractable nitrogen.
3. Disturbance affected both soil temperature and chemistry. Buried plots contained the most KCl-extractable nitrogen, and were also the warmest. Effects on soil moisture were relatively small.
4. Initially, most disturbances greatly reduced the numerical abundance both of groups dominated by natives (perennial graminoids and bulbs) and of groups dominated by aliens (annual graminoids). Disturbance also reduced maximal (summer) species richness, but in some cases increased the fraction of richness contributed by natives.
5. In subsequent years, richness rebounded as natives and exotics re-invaded. Native bulbs and perennial graminoids were slow to recover; instead, most disturbances sr increasingly became numerically dominated by exotic annual grasses, accentuating the effects of a multi-year drought.
6. The differing effects of experimental disturbances on aliens and natives can best be explained by considering relationships between sources of propagules, life histories and geographical origins.
7. Some types of disturbance were less damaging to native-dominated groups than others, but most ultimately favoured exotics. Consequently, it may be difficult to develop management strategies that preserve the diversity of disturbance-dependent natives while still excluding weedy aliens.},
keywords = {biological invasions, colonization, grasses, introductions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1. Disturbance is widely believed to facilitate invasions by exotic plants, but is also important for the persistence of many native species. Here, I report the results of a series of field experiments designed to investigate the effects of soil disturbance on natives and aliens in Californian grassland vegetation. I also compare the effects of different types of soil disturbance to establish whether some favour aliens to a greater degree than others.
2. In two experiments, conducted at different locations, three types of soil disturbance (excavation, burial and simulated gopher mounds) were created, and their revegetation was compared with changes in undisturbed control plots over the next three years. A third experiment was used to provide data on the effects of soil disturbance on soil temperature, moisture and KCl-extractable nitrogen.
3. Disturbance affected both soil temperature and chemistry. Buried plots contained the most KCl-extractable nitrogen, and were also the warmest. Effects on soil moisture were relatively small.
4. Initially, most disturbances greatly reduced the numerical abundance both of groups dominated by natives (perennial graminoids and bulbs) and of groups dominated by aliens (annual graminoids). Disturbance also reduced maximal (summer) species richness, but in some cases increased the fraction of richness contributed by natives.
5. In subsequent years, richness rebounded as natives and exotics re-invaded. Native bulbs and perennial graminoids were slow to recover; instead, most disturbances sr increasingly became numerically dominated by exotic annual grasses, accentuating the effects of a multi-year drought.
6. The differing effects of experimental disturbances on aliens and natives can best be explained by considering relationships between sources of propagules, life histories and geographical origins.
7. Some types of disturbance were less damaging to native-dominated groups than others, but most ultimately favoured exotics. Consequently, it may be difficult to develop management strategies that preserve the diversity of disturbance-dependent natives while still excluding weedy aliens.
2. In two experiments, conducted at different locations, three types of soil disturbance (excavation, burial and simulated gopher mounds) were created, and their revegetation was compared with changes in undisturbed control plots over the next three years. A third experiment was used to provide data on the effects of soil disturbance on soil temperature, moisture and KCl-extractable nitrogen.
3. Disturbance affected both soil temperature and chemistry. Buried plots contained the most KCl-extractable nitrogen, and were also the warmest. Effects on soil moisture were relatively small.
4. Initially, most disturbances greatly reduced the numerical abundance both of groups dominated by natives (perennial graminoids and bulbs) and of groups dominated by aliens (annual graminoids). Disturbance also reduced maximal (summer) species richness, but in some cases increased the fraction of richness contributed by natives.
5. In subsequent years, richness rebounded as natives and exotics re-invaded. Native bulbs and perennial graminoids were slow to recover; instead, most disturbances sr increasingly became numerically dominated by exotic annual grasses, accentuating the effects of a multi-year drought.
6. The differing effects of experimental disturbances on aliens and natives can best be explained by considering relationships between sources of propagules, life histories and geographical origins.
7. Some types of disturbance were less damaging to native-dominated groups than others, but most ultimately favoured exotics. Consequently, it may be difficult to develop management strategies that preserve the diversity of disturbance-dependent natives while still excluding weedy aliens.