2018
Power, Mary; Estes, James; Kareiva, Peter; Levin, Simon; Lubchenco, Jane; Palumbi, Stephen
Biographical Memoire: Robert Paine Miscellaneous
2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: keystone species, memoire, patch dynamics, trophic cascades
@misc{Power2018,
title = {Biographical Memoire: Robert Paine},
author = {Mary Power and James Estes and Peter Kareiva and Simon Levin and Jane Lubchenco and Stephen Palumbi},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/PNAS-2018-Power.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America},
number = {1},
pages = {1-20},
abstract = {Robert Paine changed the science of ecology profoundly.
Fascinated with nature and greatly skilled as a naturalist,
he took delight in linking results from field experiments to
general, often novel concepts. Paine’s development of the
concepts of keystone species, trophic cascades, and patch
dynamics are milestones in community ecology. He will
long be revered for his remarkable humanity, including his
devotion to and respect for students, both his own and
the many others he encouraged and guided. Paine took a
bachelor’s degree in paleontology from Harvard in 1954.
After service in the army he earned a Ph.D. in zoology
from the University of Michigan in 1961 followed by a brief
but influential postdoc at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
He then joined the faculty of the University of
Washington where he spent the remainder of his career.},
keywords = {keystone species, memoire, patch dynamics, trophic cascades},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Robert Paine changed the science of ecology profoundly.
Fascinated with nature and greatly skilled as a naturalist,
he took delight in linking results from field experiments to
general, often novel concepts. Paine’s development of the
concepts of keystone species, trophic cascades, and patch
dynamics are milestones in community ecology. He will
long be revered for his remarkable humanity, including his
devotion to and respect for students, both his own and
the many others he encouraged and guided. Paine took a
bachelor’s degree in paleontology from Harvard in 1954.
After service in the army he earned a Ph.D. in zoology
from the University of Michigan in 1961 followed by a brief
but influential postdoc at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
He then joined the faculty of the University of
Washington where he spent the remainder of his career.
Fascinated with nature and greatly skilled as a naturalist,
he took delight in linking results from field experiments to
general, often novel concepts. Paine’s development of the
concepts of keystone species, trophic cascades, and patch
dynamics are milestones in community ecology. He will
long be revered for his remarkable humanity, including his
devotion to and respect for students, both his own and
the many others he encouraged and guided. Paine took a
bachelor’s degree in paleontology from Harvard in 1954.
After service in the army he earned a Ph.D. in zoology
from the University of Michigan in 1961 followed by a brief
but influential postdoc at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
He then joined the faculty of the University of
Washington where he spent the remainder of his career.
2000
Power, Mary E.
What enables trophic cascades? Journal Article
In: Trends in Evolution and Ecology, vol. 15, pp. 443-444, 2000.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: trophic cascades
@article{Power2000,
title = {What enables trophic cascades?},
author = {Mary E. Power},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/Power_2000_TREE.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Trends in Evolution and Ecology},
volume = {15},
pages = {443-444},
keywords = {trophic cascades},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1997
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Facilitation of periphyton production by tadpole grazing: functional differences between species Journal Article
In: Freshwater Biology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 427-439, 1997.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: AQUATIC INSECTS, bottom-up, competition, epiphytes, food webs, herbivores, nutrient, stream periphyton, top-down, trophic cascades
@article{Kupferberg1997c,
title = {Facilitation of periphyton production by tadpole grazing: functional differences between species},
author = {Sarah J. Kupferberg},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/KUPFERBERG_Freshwater_Biology1997.pdf},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-04-00},
journal = {Freshwater Biology},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {427-439},
abstract = {1. This study examined how interactions between resources that vary in edibility, and herbivores that vary in ability to acquire resources, control primary productivity. In a northern California river, grazing on Cladophora glomerata, a relatively inedible filamentous green alga, and its more nutritious epiphytic diatoms, was manipulated by exposing cobbles to tadpoles (Rana boylii or Hyla regilla) or excluding tadpoles.
2. Rana indirectly facilitated Cladophora by removing diatoms, whereas Hyla did not significantly change biomass relative to controls. Algal ash-free dry mass on cobbles in Rana treatments was 65 and 72% greater than on controls in two years of investigation (1991 and 1993). Rana decreased epiphytic diatom biovolume by 56% and detritus by 87%.
3. Because nitrogen excretion rates of Hyla and Rana were similar, the differences in effect between the two species were probably due to their roles as consumers rather than as recyclers.
4. The net effect of Rana on periphyton was a 10% increase in areal specific primary productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) m(-2)); Hyla caused an 18% decrease. Rana decreased biomass-specific productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) g(-1)) 44%; Hyla had no effect.
5. In tadpole exclosures, grazers such as baetid mayfly larvae (mostly Centroptilum sp.) were 4.7 (1991) and 1.8 (1993) times more abundant, and midge larvae (Chironomidae) were 2.5 (1991) and 2 (1993) times more abundant than in Rana enclosures. Invertebrate assemblages in Hyla enclosures, however, were similar to exclosures. Few predatory insects and fish colonized Rana enclosures. Path analyses indicated that Rana affected macroinvertebrates via both interference and exploitation of epiphytic diatoms.},
keywords = {AQUATIC INSECTS, bottom-up, competition, epiphytes, food webs, herbivores, nutrient, stream periphyton, top-down, trophic cascades},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1. This study examined how interactions between resources that vary in edibility, and herbivores that vary in ability to acquire resources, control primary productivity. In a northern California river, grazing on Cladophora glomerata, a relatively inedible filamentous green alga, and its more nutritious epiphytic diatoms, was manipulated by exposing cobbles to tadpoles (Rana boylii or Hyla regilla) or excluding tadpoles.
2. Rana indirectly facilitated Cladophora by removing diatoms, whereas Hyla did not significantly change biomass relative to controls. Algal ash-free dry mass on cobbles in Rana treatments was 65 and 72% greater than on controls in two years of investigation (1991 and 1993). Rana decreased epiphytic diatom biovolume by 56% and detritus by 87%.
3. Because nitrogen excretion rates of Hyla and Rana were similar, the differences in effect between the two species were probably due to their roles as consumers rather than as recyclers.
4. The net effect of Rana on periphyton was a 10% increase in areal specific primary productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) m(-2)); Hyla caused an 18% decrease. Rana decreased biomass-specific productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) g(-1)) 44%; Hyla had no effect.
5. In tadpole exclosures, grazers such as baetid mayfly larvae (mostly Centroptilum sp.) were 4.7 (1991) and 1.8 (1993) times more abundant, and midge larvae (Chironomidae) were 2.5 (1991) and 2 (1993) times more abundant than in Rana enclosures. Invertebrate assemblages in Hyla enclosures, however, were similar to exclosures. Few predatory insects and fish colonized Rana enclosures. Path analyses indicated that Rana affected macroinvertebrates via both interference and exploitation of epiphytic diatoms.
2. Rana indirectly facilitated Cladophora by removing diatoms, whereas Hyla did not significantly change biomass relative to controls. Algal ash-free dry mass on cobbles in Rana treatments was 65 and 72% greater than on controls in two years of investigation (1991 and 1993). Rana decreased epiphytic diatom biovolume by 56% and detritus by 87%.
3. Because nitrogen excretion rates of Hyla and Rana were similar, the differences in effect between the two species were probably due to their roles as consumers rather than as recyclers.
4. The net effect of Rana on periphyton was a 10% increase in areal specific primary productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) m(-2)); Hyla caused an 18% decrease. Rana decreased biomass-specific productivity (mg O-2 h(-1) g(-1)) 44%; Hyla had no effect.
5. In tadpole exclosures, grazers such as baetid mayfly larvae (mostly Centroptilum sp.) were 4.7 (1991) and 1.8 (1993) times more abundant, and midge larvae (Chironomidae) were 2.5 (1991) and 2 (1993) times more abundant than in Rana enclosures. Invertebrate assemblages in Hyla enclosures, however, were similar to exclosures. Few predatory insects and fish colonized Rana enclosures. Path analyses indicated that Rana affected macroinvertebrates via both interference and exploitation of epiphytic diatoms.
1992
Power, M. E.; Marks, J. C.; Parker, Michael S.
Variation in the vulnerability of prey to different predators: Community-level consequences Journal Article
In: Ecology, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 2218-2223, 1992.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: anti-predator defenses, attached algae, chironomidae, Cladophora, fish, food webs, omnivory, predatory invertebrates, river communities, strong interactors, trophic cascades
@article{Power1992,
title = {Variation in the vulnerability of prey to different predators: Community-level consequences},
author = {M. E. Power and J. C. Marks and Michael S. Parker},
url = {https://angelo.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/Power_1992_Eco3.pdf},
doi = {10.2307/1941469},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-12-00},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {73},
number = {6},
pages = {2218-2223},
abstract = {Midge larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) that weave filamentous algae into
retreats or tufts, are dominant primary consumers in a river food web. In a previous
study, densities of tuft-weaving midges increased in the presence of large fish. In the absence of large fish, midges decreased as densities of predatory invertebrates built up, and higher standing crops of algae were maintained. To examine the mechanisms underlying these dynamics, we compared the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges (naked or in algal tufts) to fish and predatory invertebrates, in field and laboratory experiments. When midges were exposed for 1 h in the river to fish, 15 out of 15 midges in tufts survived, while 15 of 15 naked midges were consumed. Tufts afforded only partial protection to midges exposed to invertebrate predators, however. After 1 h, enhancement of survivorship by tufts was moderately significant for midges exposed to aeshnids, and insignificant for midges exposed to lestids and naucorids. We suggest that the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges to invertebrate predators, and their relative invulnerability to fish, sets the stage for trophic cascades observed in this system. Fish, by consuming small predators, release midges, which graze down algae. The strong effects of fish as fourth-level consumers would not be predicted from their diets, in which algivorous mayflies dominate (>60% of the insect biomass found in each of the two most common fish species). Nevertheless, fish in this food web act as fourth-level, rather than third-level, consumers because of the differential vulnerability of one guild of primary consumers, which, when released from predation, can suppress plants.},
keywords = {anti-predator defenses, attached algae, chironomidae, Cladophora, fish, food webs, omnivory, predatory invertebrates, river communities, strong interactors, trophic cascades},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Midge larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) that weave filamentous algae into
retreats or tufts, are dominant primary consumers in a river food web. In a previous
study, densities of tuft-weaving midges increased in the presence of large fish. In the absence of large fish, midges decreased as densities of predatory invertebrates built up, and higher standing crops of algae were maintained. To examine the mechanisms underlying these dynamics, we compared the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges (naked or in algal tufts) to fish and predatory invertebrates, in field and laboratory experiments. When midges were exposed for 1 h in the river to fish, 15 out of 15 midges in tufts survived, while 15 of 15 naked midges were consumed. Tufts afforded only partial protection to midges exposed to invertebrate predators, however. After 1 h, enhancement of survivorship by tufts was moderately significant for midges exposed to aeshnids, and insignificant for midges exposed to lestids and naucorids. We suggest that the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges to invertebrate predators, and their relative invulnerability to fish, sets the stage for trophic cascades observed in this system. Fish, by consuming small predators, release midges, which graze down algae. The strong effects of fish as fourth-level consumers would not be predicted from their diets, in which algivorous mayflies dominate (>60% of the insect biomass found in each of the two most common fish species). Nevertheless, fish in this food web act as fourth-level, rather than third-level, consumers because of the differential vulnerability of one guild of primary consumers, which, when released from predation, can suppress plants.
retreats or tufts, are dominant primary consumers in a river food web. In a previous
study, densities of tuft-weaving midges increased in the presence of large fish. In the absence of large fish, midges decreased as densities of predatory invertebrates built up, and higher standing crops of algae were maintained. To examine the mechanisms underlying these dynamics, we compared the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges (naked or in algal tufts) to fish and predatory invertebrates, in field and laboratory experiments. When midges were exposed for 1 h in the river to fish, 15 out of 15 midges in tufts survived, while 15 of 15 naked midges were consumed. Tufts afforded only partial protection to midges exposed to invertebrate predators, however. After 1 h, enhancement of survivorship by tufts was moderately significant for midges exposed to aeshnids, and insignificant for midges exposed to lestids and naucorids. We suggest that the vulnerability of tuft-weaving midges to invertebrate predators, and their relative invulnerability to fish, sets the stage for trophic cascades observed in this system. Fish, by consuming small predators, release midges, which graze down algae. The strong effects of fish as fourth-level consumers would not be predicted from their diets, in which algivorous mayflies dominate (>60% of the insect biomass found in each of the two most common fish species). Nevertheless, fish in this food web act as fourth-level, rather than third-level, consumers because of the differential vulnerability of one guild of primary consumers, which, when released from predation, can suppress plants.